GAO Finds Trump Administration Violated Impoundment Act by Withholding Funds from Cultural Agencies
On Monday, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) announced that the Trump administration had breached the Impoundment Control Act by withholding funds allocated by Congress to support national libraries and museums. The GAO’s investigation revealed that the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) had its funding improperly withheld, constituting a clear violation of federal law designed to prevent presidents from unilaterally blocking appropriated funds.
Historical Context of Funding Violations
This marks the second occasion in recent months where the GAO has identified unlawful withholding of funds by the administration. Previously, the agency flagged similar issues concerning the suspension of funds for electric vehicle initiatives, a move the White House initially denied but which the GAO later confirmed as unlawful. These actions underscore ongoing tensions over executive authority and congressional funding oversight.
Official Responses and Legal Disputes
In response to the GAO’s latest findings, the White House’s Office of Management and Budget (OMB) directed inquiries to its prior statements regarding electric vehicle funding cuts. OMB General Counsel Mark Paoletta reaffirmed that all actions taken by the administration aligned with presidential powers granted under the Constitution and federal law. However, this stance has sparked bipartisan debate in Congress over whether the president possesses the authority to rescind or withhold funds without legislative approval.
Political and Legal Ramifications
Members of Congress from both parties have expressed concern over the administration’s approach, which they argue circumvents the legislative process. The White House maintains that its budgetary adjustments are lawful, citing executive orders and administrative actions that have redirected federal spending-such as halting investments in renewable energy projects, foreign aid, and diversity initiatives. Critics contend these measures undermine congressional authority and threaten essential public services.
Investigations and Legal Challenges
GAO Director Gene L. Dodaro informed senators in April that nearly 40 investigations into the administration’s withholding of funds are underway. Meanwhile, personnel at the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) were placed on administrative leave following an executive order issued in March to reduce its budget. Legal challenges have also emerged, with the American Library Association and the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees filing suit in a D.C. federal court, asserting that the funding cuts violate legal protections.
Impact on Cultural and Educational Programs
Established in 1996 as an independent agency, IMLS requested a budget of $280 million for fiscal year 2025. The agency plays a vital role in supporting literacy, internet access, and workforce training in libraries nationwide. For example, last year, New York received $8 million from IMLS to fund programs aimed at improving literacy and digital connectivity, as well as compensating library staff. However, federal spending data indicates that IMLS’s budget has been slashed by over 50% during the first five months of this year, a reduction that critics argue hampers community access to vital educational resources.
Community and Legal Advocacy
Democratic lawmakers and advocacy groups have pushed back against the funding reductions, emphasizing that grants from agencies like IMLS are crucial for underserved communities. Nearly a dozen state attorneys general have petitioned courts to halt the administration’s initial executive order targeting IMLS and similar agencies, asserting that such actions are unlawful and threaten the integrity of federal support for local cultural institutions.
